How to grow brussel sprouts
Brussels sprouts are a nutritious and popular vegetable that thrive in cool weather. They belong to the Brassica family, which also includes cabbage, broccoli, and kale. When growing Brussels sprouts, it's essential to start with healthy seedlings or seeds and to provide them with the right conditions for optimal growth.
Timing: Brussels sprouts are best grown as a fall crop, so start seeds indoors approximately 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost. Transplant them outdoors when they are about 4-6 inches tall, usually about 2-4 weeks before the last frost.
Soil: They prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Incorporating compost or well-rotted manure can enhance soil fertility.
Spacing: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart in rows that are 30-36 inches apart. This allows for adequate airflow and prevents fungal diseases.
Watering: Regular watering is crucial, especially during dry spells. Aim for consistent moisture, but avoid waterlogging the roots.
Fertilization: Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer at planting time, and consider side-dressing with nitrogen-rich fertilizer during the growing season to encourage robust growth.
Pests and Diseases: Keep an eye out for common pests such as aphids, cabbage worms, and beetles. Use row covers to protect young plants and implement organic pest control measures as needed.
Harvesting: Brussels sprouts typically mature 80-100 days after transplanting. Harvest the sprouts when they are firm, green, and about 1-2 inches in diameter. You can collect them starting from the bottom of the stalk upwards, leaving the top sprouts to mature longer.
Varieties of Brussels Sprouts
'Long Island Improved': A popular heirloom variety known for its high yield and disease resistance. It produces medium-sized, tightly packed sprouts.
'Jade Cross': This hybrid variety is mature in about 90 days and is appreciated for its uniformity and flavor. It produces dark green sprouts that are resistant to yellowing.
'Brussel Sprouts 'Catalan': A newer variety that is known for its sweet flavor and attractive growth habit. It is a great choice for home gardeners looking for something different.
'Trafalgar': An early-maturing, high-yield variety that tolerates colder temperatures well. It is ideal for areas with shorter growing seasons.
'Falstaff': This variety is renowned for its rich flavor and dark green sprouts. It matures in approximately 100 days and is suitable for late-season harvests.
Growing Brussels sprouts can be rewarding, especially when you can enjoy their unique flavor in home-cooked dishes. By selecting the right varieties and providing them with proper care, you can ensure a bountiful harvest.